Higher-Order Factors

Broad composite measures combining multiple perfectionism subscales, displayed as POMP scores (% of maximum possible score, 0-100 scale).

Perfectionistic Strivings: Captures the need to meet excessive standards.

Perfectionistic Concerns: Self-critical evaluation and worries about not meeting others' expectations.

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1988 2023
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Lower-Order Factors

Specific perfectionism dimensions from the F-MPS (Frost et al., 1990) and HF-MPS (Hewitt & Flett, 1991) scales, displayed as mean raw scores on their original measurement scales.

Personal Standards: Evaluating oneself against excessively high performance standards.

Concerns Over Mistakes: Interpreting mistakes as failures.

Doubts About Actions: A tendency to doubt oneself, repeat work, and fall behind.

Self-Orientated Perfectionism: Extremely high standards directed towards the self.

Socially Prescribed Perfectionism: The perception of extremely high standards imposed by others.

US ×
UK ×
CA ×
1988 2023
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